Bitter Orange ExtractBitter Orange Extract
herbal
别名: Citrus aurantium, Synephrine Source, Zhi Shi (TCM), Seville Orange
About
A botanical extract from Citrus aurantium peel containing p-synephrine and flavonoids. Safety reviews of clinical studies have not identified significant adverse cardiovascular effects at standard doses, but FDA adverse event reports associated with multi-ingredient products limit conclusions about isolated efficacy.
How It Works
Contains p-synephrine (primary active), octopamine, and naringin. P-synephrine selectively activates beta-3 adrenergic receptors in adipose tissue, stimulating lipolysis and thermogenesis. Naringin and hesperidin (flavonoids) provide synergistic metabolic effects through AMPK activation and improved insulin sensitivity.
Side Effects
- Increased heart rate (in combination products)
- Headache
- GI discomfort
Drug & Supplement Interactions
- MAOIs
- Caffeine and other stimulants (avoid combination)
- CYP3A4 substrates (naringin inhibits CYP3A4)
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Related Ingredients
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